GENOME SCHOLAR DEVELOPMENT AND FACULTY TRANSITION AWARD Release Date: November 27, 1998 PA NUMBER: PAR-99-022 P.T. National Human Genome Research Institute Application Receipt Date: February 1, annually PURPOSE The purpose of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Genome Scholar Development and Faculty Transition Award is to enable promising new genome researchers to establish an independent research program in genomic research and analysis and to secure a tenure-track appointment in an academic institution in the United States. This is accomplished by providing the necessary resources to initiate an independent research program as a Genome Scholar in an extramural or a National Institutes of Health (NIH) intramural laboratory for up to two years followed by funding of their extramural research program for up to four years at an extramural institution to which she/he has been recruited as tenure-track faculty. The total number of years for both phases of the award cannot exceed five. This award has two phases--a Genome Scholar Development Phase and a Faculty Transition Phase. Applicants may apply for both phases or for the Faculty Transition Phase only. It is anticipated that awardees will subsequently obtain a research project grant (R01) to support the continuation of their research. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 The Public Health Service is committed to achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2000,"a PHS-led national activity for setting priority areas. This PA, Genome Scholars Development and Faculty Transition Award, is related to the priority area of human resource development. Potential applicants may obtain a copy of "Healthy People 2000" at: http://www.crisny.org/health/us/health7.html. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS Individuals who apply to this program must: (1) have no more than five years postdoctoral experience at the time, if applying for a Genome Scholar Development and Faculty Transition Award, (2) have no more than six years postdoctoral experience at the time, if applying for a Faculty Transition Award only, (3) be in a postdoctoral or equivalent position at the time of applying for either award, (4) be engaged in fundamental or applied genomics research or technology development research as it relates to genomics, (5) be able to devote at least 75 percent of time to research-related activities, (6) not be a principal investigator on R01, R21, R29 or sub-project of P grant, or recipient of a K award, and (7) be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident of the United States. Postdoctoral fellows at the NIH who meet the requirements are eligible to apply, but must receive a letter of commitment from the intramural laboratory (Lab Chief or Scientific Director) stating that support for the Scholar Development Phase of the award will be borne by the sponsoring IC. The level of support must be consistent with the terms of this program. Minorities and women are encouraged to apply. Candidates must be U.S. citizens or non-citizen nationals, or must have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence and possess an Alien Registration Card (I-151 or I-152) or some other verification of legal admission as a permanent U.S. resident, at the time of the award. Non-citizen nationals, although not U.S. citizens, owe permanent allegiance to the U.S. They are usually born in lands that are not states, but are under U.S. sovereignty, jurisdiction, or administration. Individuals on temporary or student visas are NOT eligible to apply. All applicants are encouraged to contact NHGRI program staff listed under INQUIRIES regarding their eligibility for this award. MECHANISM OF SUPPORT The NHGRI Genome Scholar Development and Faculty Transition Program will use the NIH Career Transition Award (K22). Responsibility for the planning, direction, and execution of the proposed project will be solely that of the applicant. The NHGRI K22 Program will consist of a Scholar Development Phase and a Faculty Transition Phase. The program begins with up to two years of support for the Scholar"s independent research initiative in either an extramural institution or in an NIH intramural research laboratory. The support of Scholars in extramural institutions will be through the K22 grant mechanism. The support (salary and research costs) of Scholars in the NIH Intramural program will be derived exclusively from NIH intramural resources, these Scholars will not receive a grant for the Scholar Development Phase of the award. The support of the Faculty Transition Phase, the final three to four years of the K22 award, will be provided to the U.S. extramural institution which has recruited the Scholar into a tenure-track position and will be funded through an extramural, non-competing, NHGRI K22 award. Transition from the Scholar Development Phase of support to the Faculty Transition Phase will not be automatic. Approval of the transition phase will be dependent on the Scholar obtaining a tenure-track appointment in a U.S. academic institution. Extramural funding and activation of the Faculty Transition Phase of the K22 award will require submission of a non-competing application from the U.S. institution which has made the necessary institutional commitments to the Scholar. The Genome Scholar will be expected to change institutions when the Faculty Transition Award is activated. A postdoctoral fellow who applies for the Faculty Transition Award only will also be expected to move to another institution. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Background The NIH is currently engaged, along with several other federal, private, and international organizations, in a research program to characterize the human genome and the genomes of selected model organisms. This program, the Human Genome Project (HGP) has the following interrelated goals: the development of detailed maps and the determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the human genome and the genomes of selected organisms, the development of efficient methods for identifying genes and their function, the development of the capability to collect, store, distribute and analyze the data and materials produced, the development of new technologies to achieve these goals, the examination of the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of genome research, and the development of training and career development programs to ensure that there will be adequately trained scientists to develop and utilize the products emanating from the HGP. The products of the HGP will be information and material resources, as well as new technologies, that will be available to the entire research community to facilitate further research leading to the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of disease, as well as to further understanding of human biology. In 1990, the NIH and the Department of Energy (DOE) jointly published a plan that sets out specific goals to be achieved in the first five-year phase of the U.S. Human Genome Project. Anticipating the attainment of much of the initial set of goals, the NIH and DOE extended the original goals of the Human Genome Project. These goals are described in the article, "New Five-Year Plan for the U.S. Human Genome Project, "(Science, Vol. 262, pp. 43-46, October 1, 1993) and cover the years 1994-1998. In the Fall of 1998, the NIH and DOE published a new five year plan (Science, Vol. 282, p 682, October 23, 1998, http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/98plan/). The development of technology for mapping and sequencing will continue to be areas of emphasis. New technological areas of interest will include the interpretation of genomic sequence, the study of sequence variation and the analysis of gene expression. Over the past several years, the intramural and extramural programs of the NHGRI have provided extraordinary research environments for the training of new scientists who have the potential to become leaders in the area of genomics research and analysis. This new K22 mechanism is uniquely designed to facilitate the transition of the these individuals to independent research careers in U.S. academic institutions. Goals and Scope The success of the Human Genome Project has been due to the development of novel and improved technologies that can be applied on a genome-wide scale in a cost- effective manner. This Program Announcement focuses on encouraging postdoctoral- level scientists who are interested in the development of genome-wide technologies or the cost-efficient application of these technologies to solve problems in several key areas relevant to the goals of the Human Genome Project. This is a novel opportunity for exceptionally talented, new investigators in genomic research and analysis to establish an independent research program early in their careers. Scholars will be responsible for all aspects of their research program, including the progress of the research and the management of allocated resources. The examples of technology development and application provided below are not intended to limit the types of applications, but as a guide to the kinds of research areas that currently need attention. Large-Scale DNA Sequencing Strategies that reduce the cost, increase the through-put, and improve the accuracy of large-scale sequencing projects, application of cost-efficient sequencing technologies to complex genome, and instrumentation development from technical feasibility through prototype development and insertion into production. Human Genome Sequence Variation Detection of DNA sequence variants genome-wide, studies relating the distribution of variation to population history in order to determine the density of SNPS or other markers needed for gene mapping, and analytical tools for studying sequence variation and relating it to phenotype. Functional Genomics Genome-scale studies relating to: gene discovery and full-length cDNA synthesis, gene expression analysis, protein-ligand interactions and protein modifications, functional analyses of non-coding sequences, and generation of mutations. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology New or improved tools for obtaining, representing, analyzing and archiving data and improving databases, in the areas of DNA sequence, genetic variation and homology, and functional genomics. For more details about the scientific goals of the NHGRI/DOE Human Genome Project, please visit our website: http://www.genome.gov/Grants. The NIH and the Department of Energy recently completed a new five year plan covering the years of 1998-2003 (Science, Vol. 282, p. 682, October 23, 1998). Prospective applicants are also encouraged to visit the NHGRI web site in order to obtain additional information about the most recent goals of the Human Genome Project: http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/98plan. ALLOWABLE COSTS The duration of the Genome Scholar Development and the Faculty Transition Award will be limited to a maximum of five years. Genome Scholar Development Phase: The Scholar Development Phase can take place at extramural institutions or in the NIH intramural program. The duration of the Scholar Development Phase will be limited to two years. During the Scholar Development Phase of the award, Scholars are expected to spend full time on research. Extramural Scholar Development: Genome Scholars in extramural institutions will be supported during the Scholar Development Phase by the K22 Award. The budget for this phase will be limited to no more than $150,000 per year in direct costs. These funds can be used for the salaries for the Scholar and personnel, supplies, travel and other costs which are deemed essential for the Scholar"s development and research program. Funds cannot be used to purchase equipment. Salaries of the Scholar and other personnel must be commensurate with the level of training and experience of similar individuals in the host institution. The extramural institution will be reimbursed indirect costs at eight percent of modified total direct costs, or at the actual indirect cost rate, whichever is less. Intramural Scholar Development. Genome Scholars in the NIH intramural program will be fully supported during the Scholar Development Phase by the NIH intramural laboratory in which the Scholar conducts her/his research. The budget for the intramural support phase will also be limited to $150,000 per year in direct costs. These funds can be used for the salaries for the Scholar and personnel, supplies, travel and other costs which are deemed essential for the Scholar"s development and research program. Funds cannot be used to purchase equipment. Salaries of the Scholar and other personnel must be commensurate with the level of training and experience specified in the Federal pay schedule. The final budget for this phase will be negotiated with the sponsoring intramural laboratory and will depend upon the nature and scope of the research as recommended by the peer review process. There will be no extramural grant award associated with the intramural Scholar Development phase. Support for the Genome Scholar will not be transferable to another NIH institute or to an extramural institution. Faculty Transition Phase: The budget for the Faculty Transition Phase may not exceed $250,000 per year in direct costs. Inflationary increases will be considered for future year budgets. The duration of the Faculty Transition Phase will be three to four years and will depend upon how many years of support were received for the Genome Scholar Development Phase. At the extramural institution, Scholars will be provided salary support up to the current NIH salary cap plus applicable fringe benefits. The current NIH salary cap is $125,900 plus fringe benefits. The salary paid must be commensurate with the applicant institution"s salary structure for persons of equivalent qualifications, experience and rank. The total salary requested must be based on a full-time, 12-month staff appointment and there should be no less than 75 percent effort devoted by the Scholar specifically to the proposed research program. The institution may supplement the NHGRI contribution. However, supplementation may not be from Federal funds unless specifically authorized by the Federal program from which such funds are derived. In no case may PHS funds be used for salary supplementation. Institutional supplementation of salary may not require extra duties or responsibilities that would interfere with the purpose of this award. Under expanded authorities, institutions may carry over unexpended funds into the next budget period and rebudget funds within the total costs awarded, but may not rebudget funds involving the salary component of the budget. Indirect costs will be reimbursed at eight percent of modified total direct costs, or at the actual indirect cost rate, whichever is less. It is expected that the Faculty Transition Award will be carried out at institutions that are different from the institutions where the Genome Scholar Phase or postdoctoral research experiences were pursued. During the Faculty Transition Phase, the Scholar is encouraged to apply for additional support through investigator-initiated research grants, e.g., R01, R21. The K22 and an R series grant may be held concurrently, but salary can only be provided through the K22 during the overlap years. INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS It is the policy of the NIH that women and members of minority groups and their subpopulations must be included in all NIH supported biomedical and behavioral research projects involving human subjects, unless a clear and compelling rationale and justification is provided that inclusion is inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects or the purpose of the research. This policy results from the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-43). Investigators proposing research involving human subjects should read the NIH Guidelines For Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research, which were published in the Federal Register of March 28, 1994 (FR 59 14508-14513), and in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, Vol. 23, No. 11, March 18, 1994. Investigators may obtain copies from these sources or from the program staff or contact person listed under INQUIRIES. Program staff may also provide additional relevant information concerning the policy. INCLUSION OF CHILDREN AS PARTICIPANTS IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS It is the policy of NIH that children (i.e., individuals under the age of 21) must be included in all human subjects research, conducted or supported by the NIH, unless there are scientific and ethical reasons not to include them. This policy applies to all initial (Type 1) applications submitted for receipt dates after October 1, 1998. All investigators proposing research involving human subjects should read the "NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Children as Participants in Research Involving Human Subjects" that was published in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, March 6, 1998, and is available at the following URL address: http://www.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98-024.html APPLICATION PROCEDURES The research grant application form PHS 398 (rev. 4/98) is to be used in applying for these grants. These forms are available at most institutional offices of sponsored research and may be obtained from the Division of Extramural Outreach and Information Resource, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, MSC 7910, Bethesda, MD 20892-7910, telephone:301/710-0267, Email: GrantsInfo@nih.gov, from the NIH web site: http://www.nih.gov/grants/forms.htm, and from the program administrator listed under INQUIRIES. Submit a signed, typewritten original of the application and three signed photocopies in one package to: CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 6701 ROCKLEDGE DRIVE, ROOM 1040 -MSC 7710 BETHESDA, MD 20892-7710 BETHESDA, MD 20817 (for express/courier service) At the time of submission, two additional copies of the application must be sent to: Office of Scientific Review National Human Genome Research Institute Building 38A, Room 609 Bethesda, MD 20892-6050 The Center for Scientific Review (CSR) will not accept any application in response to this program announcement that is essentially the same as one currently pending initial review, unless the applicant withdraws the pending application. The CSR will not accept any application that is essentially the same as one already reviewed. Supplemental Application Guidelines In completing the form PHS 398, please first refer to the "Research Career Awards" section of the application kit. The program announcement title (Genome Scholar Development and Faculty Transition Award) and PA number must be typed on line 2 of the face page of the application, and the YES box must be marked. Enter in item 6 (Dates of Proposed Period of Support) the combined number of years of support needed to complete the Genome Scholar Development and Faculty Transition Phases of the NHGRI K22 Program. The applicant must provide her/his signature in item 15. The responsible person at the extramural institution or the NIH intramural component must provide her/his signature in item 16. Do NOT submit the Checklist Page. RESEARCH PLAN Applicants are advised to address the research plan in two parts. What research will be conducted during: (1) the Scholar Development Phase and (2) the Faculty Transition Phase. Genome Scholar Development Plan Candidate"s Qualifications: The candidate should provide the following documents: An official certified transcript covering the graduate school level of education. Three sealed letters of reference from well-established research scientists must be provided. One letter should be from the most recent mentor in either a postdoctoral research setting or from the applicant"s thesis advisor. These letters are to be included with the application. The letters should address the following issues: --The applicant"s past contributions to scientific achievements, --The applicant"s special potential to pursue and develop an independent research program in genome research, --The applicant"s ability to work with other scientists in interdisciplinary settings and in various interactive situations, (e.g., seminars, journal clubs, etc.), on collaborative research projects, and with support staff (e.g., technicians, secretaries). Applicants in the NIH intramural program must submit a letter of commitment from the Lab Chief or Scientific Director stating that the sponsoring IC will support the Genome Scholar Development Phase of this award. The level of support must be consistent with the terms of the K22 program. Candidate"s Overall Career Goals: Applicants should describe their overall career goals and plans for continued scientific development in their genome research career. The application should specifically address the candidate"s: Commitment to a career in genomics research, Potential to develop into a successful independent investigator, Need for additional courses, Plans to receive instructions in the responsible conduct of research, and Immediate and long-term career objectives, explaining how the award will contribute to their attainment. Scholar"s Development Research Plan Describe the research plan and approach to the proposed problem. Use the research plan as outlined in form PHS 398 including the sections of the Specific Aims, Background and Significance, Preliminary Studies, Research Design and Methods. Mentor"s Training Plan The mentor must describe the elements of research training planned for the candidate, including any formal course-work, and demonstrate how the candidate"s independence will be promoted. Faculty Transition Research Plan The scientific objectives and specific aims should describe research plans that will further the field of genome research and that are sufficient to justify up to four years of support. Applicants should also provide future research directions for the extramural support phase, i.e., what are the broad research goals and potential avenues of research that would be stimulated by your specific research project. Applicants applying for the Faculty Transition Award only should omit the following sections described above: the Genome Scholar Research Plan and the Mentor"s Training Plan. Budget The research plan should be adequate to justify the years of support requested. The budget should span the proposed total duration of the award (maximum of five years) including both the Scholar Development and Faculty Transition Phases (see section on Allowable Costs). Using continuation pages as needed, provide in a detailed narrative format justification for the budgetary needs of the proposed research program, e.g. personnel, consultants, equipment, databases, supplies and travel. This justification should be prepared carefully, as it will be a critical factor used by peer reviewers in evaluating the applicant"s knowledge and ability to manage the proposed research project. NHGRI is aware that the budget for the Faculty Transition Phase for individuals applying for the Scholar Development and the Faculty Transition Phases of the award may have to be revised at the time that the Faculty Transition Phase is awarded due to changes in scientific approaches and variations in costs between institutions. REVIEW CONSIDERATIONS Application Upon receipt, applications will be reviewed by the CSR for completeness and the NHGRI for responsiveness. Incomplete and/or non-responsive applications will be returned to the applicant without further consideration. Applications that are complete and responsive to the program announcement will be evaluated for scientific and technical merit in accordance with review criteria stated below by an appropriate extramural initial peer review group (IRG) convened by the NHGRI Office of Scientific Review. As part of the initial merit review, all applications will receive a written critique and may undergo a process in which only those applications deemed to have the highest scientific merit, generally the top half of applications under review, will be discussed, assigned a priority score, and receive a second level review by the National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research. Review Criteria The initial review criteria for applications submitted in response to this program announcement will include the following: Candidate (Scholar Development and Faculty Transition) Capacity to carry out independent genome research based on level of training, experience and competence commensurate with the purposes of this award. Past and present research productivity, e.g., contributions to the scientific literature, success in obtaining fellowships. The level of achievement will be judged relative to the number of years of training. Ability to conceptualize and organize a research approach that will make full use of the support offered during the Genome Scholar Development Phase. The special qualities of the applicant to: (1) work in an interdisciplinary setting, (2) to work in a scientifically interactive setting, and (3) to collaborate with other scientists working in the area of genome research and analysis. This should be addressed in the letters of reference (see section on APPLICATION PROCEDURES). Appropriateness of the applicant"s Career Development Plan and the likelihood that the award will contribute substantially to the continued scientific development and productivity of the candidate. Potential to become an outstanding genome scientist who will make significant contributions to the field genomics. Environment (Scholar Development Phase only) Research qualifications and previous experience of the mentor as a research supervisor. Adequacy of the nature and extent of supervision that will occur during the proposed award period. Appropriateness of the mentor"s research interest and qualifications to the career development needs of the candidate. Quality of the research environment and infrastructure. Research Plan (Scholar Development and Faculty Transition) Potential of the research plan to solve some of the technological, bioinformatics or computational biology problems that need resolution to move the field of genomics forward. Quality and innovativeness of the research plan, including appropriateness and adequacy of the experimental approach and methodology proposed to carry out the research. Potential of the research plan for contributing to the scientific literature and furthering the goals of the Human Genome Project. Suitability of the proposed specific aims for the initial Genome Scholar Development Phase of the K22 Program. Appropriateness of proposed future directions and broad research goals, especially the suitability of the proposed specific aims for the Faculty Transition Phase of the K22 Program. Consistency of the research plan with the candidate"s career goals. Where appropriate, adequacy of plans to include both genders, children, minorities and their subgroups for the scientific goals of the research. Plans for recruitment and retention of subjects will also be evaluated. Budget (Scholar Development and Faculty Transition) Applicants for the Scholar Development and Faculty Transition Award should submit a budget for both phases of the award. Both budgets should be adequately justified and consistent with the scope of the research and career development activities proposed. It is expected that the budget for the Faculty Transition Award may not be developed in as fine a detail as the budget for the Scholar Development Phase of the award. For applicants applying for the Faculty Transition Award only, a detailed budget must be submitted which is consistent with the proposed research. If there is greater than a six month hiatus between the time that the award is approved for funding and is activated, a revised budget must be submitted at the time that the Award is activated. Special Restrictions Acceptance of NIH Intramural Genome Scholars into the NHGRI"s K22 Program does not convey any commitment or intent of the NHGRI or any other NIH component to consider the Scholar for a tenure-track position within the NHGRI or other components of NIH. The NHGRI"s K22 Program is specifically intended to help develop genome scientists who will pursue their careers in genome research in the extramural biomedical research community. However, Genome Scholars are not explicitly precluded from applying for available tenure-track positions at the NIH. If a Scholar obtains an NIH position, the K22 Award will be terminated. ACTIVATION OF THE FACULTY TRANSITION AWARD The Faculty Transition Phase of the award can be activated at any time after the first year of Genome Scholar Development Phase. The maximum duration of the Faculty Transition Phase is four years. Prior to activation of the Faculty Transition Phase of the program, the Scholar must obtain a tenure-track position as an independent researcher at a different extramural institution. After the Scholar receives an offer for a tenure-track position, the institution, in partnership with the Scholar, should submit the most current form PHS 2590 noncompeting application to activate the Faculty Transition Phase of the award (Further details can be obtained from the NHGRI Grants Management Office, see section under INQUIRIES). The application should include the following: An updated description of the proposed research for the duration of the award (maximum of ten pages), A budget justifying the request in relation to the career development and research goals, A description of the research environment and facilities, A statement about the institution"s commitment to the Scholar and to the Scholar"s scientific independence, and A detailed description of the candidate"s position, responsibilities, and duties and a definition of the institution"s tenure track policy. The NHGRI, in consultation with other established extramural scientists, will review the institution"s commitment to the awardee to ensure that the appointment is consistent with the intentions of this award. The Faculty Transition Award may be delayed for up to two years in order for the Genome Scholar or postdoctoral fellow to find a suitable tenure-track position. In such cases, the NHGRI will not provide interim support. MONITORING PROGRESS Genome Scholar Development Phase Extramural Scholars. Each Extramural Scholar"s research program will be evaluated for progress on an annual basis through submission of annual progress reports. Intramural Scholars. Each Intramural Scholar"s research program will be evaluated for progress on an annual basis in the same way as all other independent intramural scientific research programs. Faculty Transition Phase The awardee will follow the same procedure as all other extramural grantees by submitting a progress report as part of the non-competing continuation application. A description of the research and career progress will be provided including publications, current research grant support, and pending applications. These annual reports will be closely monitored by NHGRI staff to ensure that the awardee is achieving the goals of the NHGRI"s K22 Program. Periodically, NHGRI staff will arrange meetings of all awardees to discuss progress and the program. For the purpose of evaluating outcomes of the NHGRI"s K22 Program, the NHGRI may solicit information from the awardee after completion of the Faculty Transition Phase regarding their career progress. AWARD CRITERIA Applications will compete for available funds with all other approved applications. The following will be considered in making award decisions: qualifications and potential of the applicant to make a contribution to the Human Genome Project, the quality of the proposed research project as determined by peer review, programmatic priorities, and availability of funds. INQUIRIES Written and telephone inquiries concerning this program announcement are encouraged, especially during the planning phase of the application. Contact the staff below for additional information: Bettie J. Graham, Ph.D. National Human Genome Research Institute Building 38A, Room 614 Bethesda, MD 20892 Telephone: (301) 496-7531 Email: Bettie_Graham@nih.govBettie_Graham@nih.gov Ms. Jean Cahill Grants and Contracts Management Section National Human Genome Research Institute Building 38A, Room 613 Bethesda, MD 20892 Telephone: (301) 402-0733 Email: Jean_Cahill@nih.gov AUTHORITY AND REGULATIONS This program is described in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance No. 93.172. Awards are made under authorization of the Public Health Service Act, Title IV, Part A (Public Law 78-410, as amended by Public Law 99-158, 42 USC 241 and 285) and administered under PHS grants policies and Federal Regulations 42 CFR 52 and 45 CFR Part 74. This program is not subject to the intergovernmental review requirements of Executive Order 12372 or Health Systems Agency review. The PHS strongly encourages all grant and contract recipients to provide a smoke- free workplace and promote the non-use of all tobacco products. In addition, Public Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits smoking in certain facilities (or in some cases, and portion of a facility) in which regular or routine education, library, day care, health care or early childhood development services are provided to children. This is consistent with the PHS mission to protect and advance the physical and mental health of the American people.
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