INSULIN SIGNALING AND RECEPTOR CROSS-TALK
RELEASE DATE: July 28, 2003
PA NUMBER: PA-03-156
March 2, 2006 (NOT-OD-06-046) Effective with the June 1, 2006 submission date,
all R03, R21, R33 and R34 applications must be submitted through Grants.gov using
the electronic SF424 (R&R) application. Accordingly, this funding opportunity
expires on the date indicated below. Replacement R01 (PA-06-175) and R21 (PA-06-176)
funding opportunity announcements have been issued for the submission date
of June 1, 2006 and submission dates thereafter.
See NOT-OD-06-048 for information on May 1, 2006 Submission Date for AIDS and
AIDS-related R03 and R21 Applications.
EXPIRATION DATE: March 2, 2006
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
(http://www.niddk.nih.gov)
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
(http://www.nia.nih.gov)
CATALOG OF FEDERAL DOMESTIC ASSISTANCE NUMBER(S): 93.847, 93.866
THIS PA CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
o Purpose of the PA
o Research Objectives
o Mechanism(s) of Support
o Eligible Institutions
o Individuals Eligible to Become Principal Investigators
o Where to Send Inquiries
o Submitting an Application
o Peer Review Process
o Review Criteria
o Award Criteria
o Required Federal Citations
PURPOSE OF THIS PA
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) invite investigator-initiated
research grant applications that will investigate crosstalk in insulin
responses at molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. The purpose of
this initiative is to stimulate novel and innovative research into the
fundamental mechanism(s) of action of the insulin receptor in target tissues
in the context of other cellular receptors and signaling pathways, and to
broaden our understanding of how insulin signals act to regulate coordinated
responses between and among insulin responsive tissues. Of particular
interest is how such signaling interactions may affect the development and/or
progression of diabetes and its complications.
This program announcement replaces PAS 99-112.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Background
Diabetes currently affects an estimated 16 million Americans, and is the sixth
leading cause of disease-related death in the US. With the diagnosis of
approximately 800,000 new cases each year, the health and economic burden of
diabetes continues to escalate. Given the magnitude of the problem and its
enormous impact on patient health and welfare, there is an urgent need to
define the factors contributing to diabetes onset and severity, and to
identify new potential therapeutic targets. A defining feature of Diabetes
mellitus is the inappropriate regulation of serum glucose levels. Both type 1
and type 2 diabetes are associated with insulin deficiency, with type 2
diabetes further complicated by cellular resistance to insulin action.
Obesity, a condition that itself is rising in prevalence, is a major risk
factor for development of both insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. While
the precise relationship between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin
resistance remains under investigation, emerging data suggests that changes in
insulin receptor regulated signaling pathways are involved.
The insulin receptor plays a dominant role in mediating insulin's effects.
However, insulin target tissues also respond to hormones, growth factors and
cytokines that have the potential to modify insulin responses. Receptors for
many of these soluble factors initiate signals that may overlap or modulate
insulin-stimulated biochemical pathways, and in this way impact the quality or
quantity of the insulin response. For example, members of the growth factor,
cytokine, and G-protein coupled receptor families are all expressed in various
combinations in insulin responsive tissues. Stimulation of these receptors
and the signaling pathways they regulate has the potential to alter the
strength, duration, or character of the insulin response. Thus, signals
initiated via the insulin receptor must be interpreted by cells in the context
of multiple biochemical signals that arise in the complex microenvironment
found in insulin-responsive tissues. Intracellular interactions between
insulin dependent biochemical events and signals transduced via other
signaling pathways, or "crosstalk", may occur at multiple levels, including at
the level of receptor function, substrate availability, signal flow through
downstream pathways, and/or integrated control of gene expression. Cross-talk
also occurs between insulin-responsive tissues, with recent evidence
suggesting that insulin signals elicited in one target tissue impact responses
in other organs and at distant sites.
While significant progress has been made in defining the biochemistry of the
insulin-response pathway, in documenting insulin-regulated changes in gene
expression and in elucidating the crosstalk that occurs between insulin
responsive organs, important scientific gaps remain to be explored. For
example, our understanding of how a cell's complex biochemical history may
modify subsequent responses to insulin, and of how multiple environmental cues
regulate insulin action within and between target tissues in vivo, remains
rudimentary. Information generated via these and related studies of signaling
crosstalk within and between insulin-responsive tissues has the potential to
provide important insights into the mechanisms that underlie diabetes
pathophysiology, and may have important implications for the design of new
therapeutics to treat diabetes and its complications.
Objectives and Scope
This Program Announcement solicits investigator-initiated research projects
that will define the mechanistic basis of crosstalk between the insulin
receptor signaling pathway and other signaling pathways, with the goal of
defining how insulin action is influenced by the complex microenvironment
found in insulin responsive tissues.
Appropriate topics for investigation under this PA would include, but are not
limited to:
o determining the specificity of signaling through the insulin receptor,
including delineation of metabolic versus mitogenic responses;
o signaling through receptors for other soluble factors found in insulin
target tissues, including growth factors and cytokines, and potential
modifying effects of these soluble factors on insulin action, diabetes
pathophysiology and its complications;
o signals initiated by adhesion molecules such as integrins in insulin-
responsive tissues, including receptors involved in regulating intercellular
communication and interactions with the extracellular matrix, and the impact
of these signals on insulin responses in vitro and in vivo.
o interactions between and among insulin responsive tissues, including
factors mediating organ-specific crosstalk in insulin-driven responses;
o age-related changes in insulin sensitivity at the level of the insulin
receptor and its activating ligand(s), insulin receptor signaling pathway,
cross-talk with other intracellular signaling pathways, and/or altered gene
and protein expression profiles in insulin-responsive tissues;
o factors regulating cell surface expression of functional insulin receptors
and other cell surface receptors in diabetes and its complications;
o interactions between and among transcription factors that mediate the
effects of insulin on gene expression: cross-talk with transcription factors
responding to other signaling pathways;
o signaling cross-talk between the insulin receptor and nuclear receptors,
including effects on development and/or progression of diabetes and its
complications;
o identification of factors involved in cell signaling that may cause
resistance to insulin action in insulin-sensitive cells (e.g. muscle,
adipose) and novel approaches to overcome or bypass such resistance;
o genomic, proteomic, and other state-of-the-art biochemical approaches to
identify novel factors associated with insulin action in target tissues,
including putative targets for therapeutic intervention;
o structural biology of cell surface receptors and signal relay molecules
that transduce or modify insulin actions, including enzymes, protein
scaffolds, and higher-order complexes capable of integrating signals
generated by receptor cross-talk in insulin-responsive cells;
o the mechanism of action of non-peptide receptor analogs and their potential
efficacy as therapeutic agents.
Information generated via these and related studies of signaling crosstalk in
insulin-responsive tissues has the potential to provide important insights
into the mechanistic basis of diabetes pathophysiology. These insights may in
turn have important implications for the design and implementation of new
therapeutics to treat diabetes and its complications
MECHANISM(S) OF SUPPORT
This PA will use the National Institutes of Health (NIH) research project
grant (R01) and the Exploratory/Development Research Grant (R21) award
mechanisms. As an applicant, you will be solely responsible for planning,
direction, and executing the proposed project.
This PA uses just-in-time concepts. It also uses the modular budgeting
format. (see http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm).
Specifically, if you are submitting an application with direct costs in each
year of $250,000 or less, use the modular format. This program does not
require cost sharing as defined in the current NIH Grants Policy Statement at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/nihgps_2001/part_i_1.htm.
The R01 award represents an investigator-initiated research grant designed to
support a discrete, specified research project performed by a principal
investigator. R01 applications may request up to $250,000 per year in direct
costs for a maximum of five years.
R21 (Exploratory/Developmental) grants (see
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-03-107.html).
The R21 mechanism is intended to encourage new exploratory/developmental
research projects by providing support for the early stages of their
development. Awards are made to demonstrate feasibility of a subsequent
project and to obtain preliminary data testing innovative ideas. Therefore,
these grants are not renewable. Continuation of projects developed under this
program will be through the regular research project grant mechanism (for
example, R01). These grants are not intended to support or supplement
ongoing funded research of an established investigator, or to serve as an
alternative mechanism of support for projects not receiving funding as
competitive continuation applications. The NIH Grants Policy statement
applies to these awards.
An R21 application should have a research plan that does not exceed 15 pages.
A two-year project period is the maximum period of support. You may request
a project period of up to two years with a combined budget for direct costs
up to $275,000 for the two year period. For example, you may request
$100,000 in the first year and $175,000 in the second year. The request
should be tailored to the needs of your project. Normally, no more than
$200,000 may be requested in any single year. Little or no preliminary data
are required. Up to five relevant published articles may be included as
Appendix material, if desired.
Exploratory/developmental grant support is for new projects only; competing
continuation applications will not be accepted. Two revisions of a
previously reviewed exploratory/developmental grant application may be
submitted as defined in NIH Policy at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/amendedapps.htm.
ELIGIBLE INSTITUTIONS
You may submit (an) application(s) if your institution has any of the
following characteristics:
o For-profit or non-profit organizations
o Public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals,
and laboratories
o Units of State and local governments
o Eligible agencies of the Federal government
o Domestic or foreign
o Faith-based or community-based organizations
INDIVIDUALS ELIGIBLE TO BECOME PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS
Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry
out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to
develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial
and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always
encouraged to apply for NIH programs.
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
Plan for Dissemination of Data and Biomaterials
Sharing of biomaterials, data, and software in a timely manner has been an
essential element in the rapid progress that has been made in the genetic
analysis of human diseases. PHS policy requires that investigators make
unique research resources available for research purposes to qualified
individuals within the scientific community when they have been published
(see the NIH Grants Policy Statement at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not96-184.html). In
addition, NIH recently released a statement on the sharing of research data
that applies to all investigator-initiated applications with direct costs
greater than $500,000 in any single year
(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-03-032.html).
All applicants who respond to this PA must propose plans for sharing data and
biomaterials generated through the grant. Applicants should explain how
funds for the storage and distribution of data and biomaterials will be
obtained, and may request such funds in the budget of the application. It is
expected that the information to be shared will include clinical, diagnostic,
and pedigree structure information. Biomaterials to be shared should include
patient DNA and cell lines. When possible, data and biomaterials should be
placed in databases or repositories that will permit their efficient
distribution to investigators throughout the scientific community. Rapid
sharing of data and biomaterials is strongly encouraged.
The Initial Review Group will evaluate the proposed sharing plan and comment
on its adequacy in an administrative note in the summary statement.
Reviewers will not factor the proposed data-sharing plan into the
determination of scientific merit or priority score. NIH staff will consider
the adequacy of the plan and determine whether the grant shall be awarded.
The sharing plan as approved, after negotiation with the applicant when
necessary, will be a condition of the award.
WHERE TO SEND INQUIRIES
We encourage your inquiries concerning this PA and welcome the opportunity to
answer questions from potential applicants. Inquiries may fall into two
areas: scientific/research, and financial or grants management issues:
o Direct your questions about scientific/research issues to:
Kristin Abraham, Ph.D.
Cell Signaling Program Director
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
6707 Democracy Boulevard, Room 607
Bethesda, MD 20892-5460
Telephone: (301) 451-8048
FAX: (301) 480-3503
E-mail: ka136s@nih.gov
Frank Bellino, PhD
Biology of Aging Program
National Institute on Aging
Gateway Building, Suite 2C231
Bethesda, MD 20892-9205
Telephone: (301) 496-6402
FAX: (301) 402-0010
Email: bellinof@nia.nih.gov
o Direct your questions about financial or grants management matters to:
Randi Freundlich, R.D.
Grants Management Specialist
Grants Management Branch
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
6707 Democracy Boulevard, Room 723
Bethesda, MD 20892-5456
Telephone: (301) 594-8825
FAX: (301) 480-3504
E-mail: rf160d@nih.gov
Jeff Ball
Grants and Contracts Management Office
National Institute on Aging
Gateway Building, Room 2N212
Bethesda, MD 20892-9205
Telephone: (301) 496-1472
FAX: (301) 402-3672
Email: ballj@nia.nih.gov
SUBMITTING AN APPLICATION
Applications must be prepared using the PHS 398 research grant application
instructions and forms (rev. 5/2001). The PHS 398 is available at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html in an interactive
format. For further assistance contact GrantsInfo, Telephone (301) 710-0267,
Email: GrantsInfo@nih.gov.
APPLICATION RECEIPT DATES: Applications submitted in response to this program
announcement will be accepted at the standard application deadlines, which
are available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/dates.htm. Application
deadlines are also indicated in the PHS 398 application kit.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODULAR GRANT APPLICATIONS: All investigator-
initiated R21 applications must be submitted in a modular grant format. The
modular grant format simplifies the preparation of the budget in these
applications by limiting the level of budgetary detail. Applicants request
direct costs in $25,000 modules. Section C of the research grant application
instructions for the PHS 398 (rev. 5/2001) at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html includes step-by-step
guidance for preparing modular grants. Additional information on modular
grants is available at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm.
SENDING AN APPLICATION TO THE NIH: Submit a signed, typewritten original of
the application, including the checklist, and five signed photocopies in one
package to:
Center for Scientific Review
National Institutes of Health
6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 1040, MSC 7710
Bethesda, MD 20892-7710
Bethesda, MD 20817 (for express/courier service)
APPLICATION PROCESSING: Applications must be mailed on or before the receipt
dates described at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm. The CSR will not
accept any application in response to this PA that is essentially the same as
one currently pending initial review unless the applicant withdraws the
pending application. The CSR will not accept any application that is
essentially the same as one already reviewed. This does not preclude the
submission of a substantial revision of an application already reviewed, but
such application must include an Introduction addressing the previous
critique.
Although there is no immediate acknowledgement of the receipt of an
application, applicants are generally notified of the review and funding
assignment within 8 weeks.
PEER REVIEW PROCESS
Applications submitted for this PA will be assigned on the basis of
established PHS referral guidelines. An appropriate scientific review group
convened in accordance with the standard NIH peer review procedures
(http://www.csr.nih.gov/refrev.htm) will evaluate applications for scientific
and technical merit.
As part of the initial merit review, all applications will:
o Receive a written critique
o Undergo a selection process in which only those applications deemed to have
the highest scientific merit, generally the top half of applications under
review, will be discussed and assigned a priority score
o Receive a second level review by the appropriate national advisory council
or board
REVIEW CRITERIA
The goals of NIH-supported research are to advance our understanding of
biological systems, improve the control of disease, and enhance health. In
the written comments, reviewers will be asked to discuss the following
aspects of the application in order to judge the likelihood that the proposed
research will have a substantial impact on the pursuit of these goals:
o Significance
o Approach
o Innovation
o Investigator
o Environment
The scientific review group will address and consider each of these criteria
in assigning the application's overall score, weighting them as appropriate
for each application. The application does not need to be strong in all
categories to be judged likely to have major scientific impact and thus
deserve a high priority score. For example, an investigator may propose to
carry out important work that by its nature is not innovative but is
essential to move a field forward.
SIGNIFICANCE: Does this study address an important problem? If the aims of
the application are achieved, how will scientific knowledge be advanced? What
will be the effect of these studies on the concepts or methods that drive
this field?
APPROACH: Are the conceptual framework, design, methods, and analyses
adequately developed, well-integrated, and appropriate to the aims of the
project? Does the applicant acknowledge potential problem areas and consider
alternative tactics?
INNOVATION: Does the project employ novel concepts, approaches or methods?
Are the aims original and innovative? Does the project challenge existing
paradigms or develop new methodologies or technologies?
INVESTIGATOR: Is the investigator appropriately trained and well suited to
carry out this work? Is the work proposed appropriate to the experience level
of the principal investigator and other researchers (if any)?
ENVIRONMENT: Does the scientific environment in which the work will be done
contribute to the probability of success? Do the proposed experiments take
advantage of unique features of the scientific environment or employ useful
collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional support?
ADDITIONAL REVIEW CRITERIA: In addition to the above criteria, the following
items will be considered in the determination of scientific merit and the
priority score:
PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS FROM RESEARCH RISK: The involvement of human
subjects and protections from research risk relating to their participation
in the proposed research will be assessed. (See criteria included in the
section on Federal Citations, below).
INCLUSION OF WOMEN, MINORITIES AND CHILDREN IN RESEARCH: The adequacy of
plans to include subjects from both genders, all racial and ethnic groups
(and subgroups), and children as appropriate for the scientific goals of the
research will be assessed. Plans for the recruitment and retention of
subjects will also be evaluated. (See Inclusion Criteria in the sections on
Federal Citations, below).
CARE AND USE OF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS IN RESEARCH: If vertebrate animals are to
be used in the project, the five items described under Section f of the PHS
398 research grant application instructions (rev. 5/2001) will be assessed.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATION FOR THE R21 APPLICATION: The NIH R21
exploratory/developmental grant is a mechanism for supporting novel
scientific ideas or new model systems, tools or technologies that have the
potential to significantly advance our knowledge or the status of health-
related research. Because the research plan is limited to 15 pages, an
exploratory/developmental grant application need not have background material
or preliminary information as one might normally expect in an R01
application. Accordingly, reviewers will focus their evaluation on the
conceptual framework, the level of innovation, and the potential to
significantly advance our knowledge or understanding. Reviewers will place
less emphasis on methodological details and certain indicators traditionally
used in evaluating the scientific merit of R01 applications including
supportive preliminary data. Appropriate justification for the proposed work
can be provided through literature citations, data from other sources, or,
when available, from investigator-generated data. Preliminary data are not
required for R21 applications.
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
DATA SHARING: The adequacy of the proposed plan to share data.
BUDGET: The reasonableness of the proposed budget and the requested period
of support in relation to the proposed research.
AWARD CRITERIA
Applications submitted in response to a PA will compete for available funds
with all other recommended applications. The following will be considered in
making funding decisions:
o Scientific merit of the proposed project as determined by peer review
o Availability of funds
o Relevance to program priorities
REQUIRED FEDERAL CITATIONS
HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION: Federal regulations (45CFR46) require that
applications and proposals involving human subjects must be evaluated with
reference to the risks to the subjects, the adequacy of protection against
these risks, the potential benefits of the research to the subjects and
others, and the importance of the knowledge gained or to be gained.
http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.htm
MONITORING PLAN AND DATA SAFETY AND MONITORING BOARD: Research components
involving Phase I and II clinical trials must include provisions for
assessment of patient eligibility and status, rigorous data management,
quality assurance, and auditing procedures. In addition, it is NIH policy
that all clinical trials require data and safety monitoring, with the method
and degree of monitoring being commensurate with the risks (NIH Policy for
Data Safety and Monitoring, NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, June 12,
1998: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98-084.html).
INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN CLINICAL RESEARCH: It is the policy of
the NIH that women and members of minority groups and their sub-populations
must be included in all NIH-supported clinical research projects unless a
clear and compelling justification is provided indicating that inclusion is
inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects or the purpose of the
research. This policy results from the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Section
492B of Public Law 103-43).
All investigators proposing clinical research should read the "NIH Guidelines
for Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research -
Amended, October, 2001," published in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
on October 9, 2001
(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-001.html);
a complete copy of the updated Guidelines are available at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_amended_10_2001.htm.
The amended policy incorporates: the use of an NIH definition of clinical
research; updated racial and ethnic categories in compliance with the new OMB
standards; clarification of language governing NIH-defined Phase III clinical
trials consistent with the new PHS Form 398; and updated roles and
responsibilities of NIH staff and the extramural community. The policy
continues to require for all NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials that: a)
all applications or proposals and/or protocols must provide a description of
plans to conduct analyses, as appropriate, to address differences by
sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic groups, including subgroups if applicable;
and b) investigators must report annual accrual and progress in conducting
analyses, as appropriate, by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic group
differences.
INCLUSION OF CHILDREN AS PARTICIPANTS IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS:
The NIH maintains a policy that children (i.e., individuals under the age of
21) must be included in all human subjects research, conducted or supported
by the NIH, unless there are scientific and ethical reasons not to include
them. This policy applies to all initial (Type 1) applications submitted for
receipt dates after October 1, 1998.
All investigators proposing research involving human subjects should read the
"NIH Policy and Guidelines" on the inclusion of children as participants in
research involving human subjects that is available at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/children/children.htm.
REQUIRED EDUCATION ON THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECT PARTICIPANTS: NIH
policy requires education on the protection of human subject participants for
all investigators submitting NIH proposals for research involving human
subjects. You will find this policy announcement in the NIH Guide for Grants
and Contracts Announcement, dated June 5, 2000, at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-00-039.html.
PUBLIC ACCESS TO RESEARCH DATA THROUGH THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT: The
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-110 has been revised to
provide public access to research data through the Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA) under some circumstances. Data that are (1) first produced in a
project that is supported in whole or in part with Federal funds and (2)
cited publicly and officially by a Federal agency in support of an action
that has the force and effect of law (i.e., a regulation) may be accessed
through FOIA. It is important for applicants to understand the basic scope
of this amendment. NIH has provided guidance at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/a110/a110_guidance_dec1999.htm.
Applicants may wish to place data collected under this PA in a public
archive, which can provide protections for the data and manage the
distribution for an indefinite period of time. If so, the application should
include a description of the archiving plan in the study design and include
information about this in the budget justification section of the
application. In addition, applicants should think about how to structure
informed consent statements and other human subjects procedures given the
potential for wider use of data collected under this award.
STANDARDS FOR PRIVACY OF INDIVIDUALLY IDENTIFIABLE HEALTH INFORMATION: The
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) issued final modification to
the "Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information",
the "Privacy Rule," on August 14, 2002. The Privacy Rule is a federal
regulation under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA) of 1996 that governs the protection of individually identifiable
health information, and is administered and enforced by the DHHS Office for
Civil Rights (OCR). Those who must comply with the Privacy Rule (classified
under the Rule as "covered entities") must do so by April 14, 2003 (with the
exception of small health plans which have an extra year to comply).
URLs IN NIH GRANT APPLICATIONS OR APPENDICES: All applications and proposals
for NIH funding must be self-contained within specified page limitations.
Unless otherwise specified in an NIH solicitation, Internet addresses (URLs)
should not be used to provide information necessary to the review because
reviewers are under no obligation to view the Internet sites. Furthermore,
we caution reviewers that their anonymity may be compromised when they
directly access an Internet site.
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2010: The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to
achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy
People 2010," a PHS-led national activity for setting priority areas. This PA
is related to one or more of the priority areas. Potential applicants may
obtain a copy of "Healthy People 2010" at
http://www.health.gov/healthypeople.
AUTHORITY AND REGULATIONS: This program is described in the Catalog of
Federal Domestic Assistance at http://www.cfda.gov/ and is not subject to the
intergovernmental review requirements of Executive Order 12372 or Health
Systems Agency review. Awards are made under the authorization of Sections
301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284)
and under Federal Regulations 42 CFR 52 and 45 CFR Parts 74 and 92. All
awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other
considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement. The NIH Grants
Policy Statement can be found at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/policy.htm
The PHS strongly encourages all grant recipients to provide a smoke-free
workplace and discourage the use of all tobacco products. In addition,
Public Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits smoking in
certain facilities (or in some cases, any portion of a facility) in which
regular or routine education, library, day care, health care, or early
childhood development services are provided to children. This is consistent
with the PHS mission to protect and advance the physical and mental health of
the American people.
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