WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH AND SEX/GENDER DIFFERENCES RESEARCH
RELEASE DATE: June 20, 2003
PA NUMBER: PA-03-143
March 2, 2006 (NOT-OD-06-046) Effective with the June 1, 2006 submission date,
all R03, R21, R33 and R34 applications must be submitted through Grants.gov using
the electronic SF424 (R&R) application. Replacement R01 (PA-06-333) and
R21 (PA-06-334) funding opportunity announcements have been issued for the
submission date of June 1, 2006 and submission dates thereafter.
EXPIRATION DATE: April 1, 2006
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
(http://www.nimh.nih.gov)
CATALOG OF FEDERAL DOMESTIC ASSISTANCE NUMBER: 93.242
THIS PA CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
o Purpose of the PA
o Research Objectives
o Mechanism(s) of Support
o Eligible Institutions
o Individuals Eligible to Become Principal Investigators
o Where to Send Inquiries
o Submitting an Application
o Peer Review Process
o Review Criteria
o Award Criteria
o Required Federal Citations
PURPOSE OF THIS PA
This PA replaces PA-00-074.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) invites research grant
applications on women's mental health and sex/gender differences in mental
health across the lifespan. The overall prevalence of mental disorders does not
differ between the sexes, but females and males differ in the prevalence and
clinical course of specific disorders. Starting in childhood, females have
twice the incidence of anxiety disorders as do males, who have three times the
incidence of autism and attention deficit disorder. After puberty, females
report twice the incidence of depressive disorders and eight to ten times the
incidence of eating disorders as do males, who report twice the incidence of
substance use disorders. For other serious mental disorders, such as
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, gender disparities in incidence are not
found. However, significant differences in clinical course have been
demonstrated across the lifespan. This pattern of disparities in the
epidemiology of mental disorders in males and females provides indirect
evidence of hormonal, biological, social, cultural and developmental factors in
etiology and course. An increasing body of basic and clinical research also
provides evidence of neurobiological sex differences that may predispose to
clinical differences in mental disorders. The finding of sex/gender differences
in epidemiological, basic, and clinical studies has also increased interest in
the application of that knowledge to improving interventions and services for
males and females. In recognition of the importance of studying sex/gender
differences in health outcomes, NIH has provided guidelines to researchers for
inclusion of women and men in clinical research and for gender analysis of
clinical trials outcomes. Through research such as that called for in this PA,
NIMH seeks to increase the understanding of the significance of sex/gender
differences in mental health outcomes and to assess their significance for
mental health prevention, treatment and services.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
In April 2001, the Institute of Medicine issued a report entitled "Exploring
the Biological Contributions to Human Health: Does Sex Matter?" In order to
improve conceptual research models, the report recommended greater precision in
terminology used to refer to findings from studies comparing health outcomes in
males and females. Therefore, in this PA, the term "sex difference" is used to
refer to primarily biological variables and the term "gender difference" is
used to refer to psychosocial and cultural variables. Nonetheless, it is
recognized that this distinction is often not clear-cut in the area of brain
research, where it has been demonstrated that experience can modify brain
structure and function.
This program announcement identifies three major areas for research emphasis:
basic and clinical neuroscience; epidemiology and risk factors; and
intervention and services research.
1) Basic and Clinical Neuroscience - There is increasing evidence that
neurobiological sex differences impact a wide array of behaviors and may alter
vulnerability to different mental disorders, severity of course, and/or response
to different treatments. Basic studies in animals and humans as well as human
clinical studies in subjects with mental disorders are appropriate for
developing knowledge of the processes responsible for these sex differences.
Examples of research areas include studies of:
o Sex differences in brain processes contributing to behavior as determined by
structural and functional brain imaging of normative and clinical populations.
o Sex differences in the molecular and cellular bases of behavior, including
neurotransmitter and peptide signaling, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and
regulation of neural circuitry regulating cognition and mood.
o Sex differences in gene regulatory factors and gene-environment interactions
contributing to mental disorders.
o Sex differences in the developmental-organizing and activating influences of
sex steroids on brain and behavior and their interactions with thyroid- and
hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axes, the neuroimmune system, and
neurotransmitters and peptides in brain.
o Sex differences and sex hormone influences on the pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of psychotropic medications
o Development of models to examine the impact of hormonal transitions across
the lifespan on brain function, including, for example, brain plasticity,
cognition, and mood
Evidence suggests that sex differences in hormone actions contribute to
differences in physiological and behavioral responses to stress. There are
also sex/gender differences in the types of stressors an individual is likely
to be exposed to. For example, epidemiological studies show that females are
more likely to have experienced early childhood sexual abuse, a severe stress
with potential long-term impact on stress responsiveness. To understand this
complex area, multi-disciplinary approaches are required, ranging from basic
research models in animals and humans to clinical research in children, adults,
and the elderly.
Examples of relevant research areas include:
o Examination of brain mechanisms mediating sex differences in the impact of
stress on appetite, aggression, cognition, exploration, sleep, energy, mood,
biological rhythms, and susceptibility to mental disorders
o Elucidation of how biological sex impacts developmental mechanisms
determining susceptibility to adverse consequences of stress and risk for
mental disorders throughout life.
2) Epidemiology and Risk Factors - During the past two decades, advances in
diagnosis and in survey methodologies have enabled researchers to establish
general estimates of the impact of mental disorders in women and men and their
intervention and service needs. This work remains to be done for children and
adolescents. The need for such research is particularly pressing, because in
many disorders, gender differences emerge first in adolescence when early
intervention strategies may be most effective in preventing full-blown mental
disorders. There is also relatively little information about the influence of
gender-related or gender-specific factors on such important clinical aspects of
mental disorders as risk for recurrence, chronicity, comorbidity and disability
in later life. Studies to further elucidate the role of gender-related or
gender-specific factors in diagnosis, epidemiology, risk for onset or
recurrence, and in the course of mental disorders across the lifespan are
needed.
Examples of relevant research areas include:
o Elucidation of disparities in prevalence of mental illness and related
disability, and in access to care among women and girls of different ethnic and
socioeconomic backgrounds.
o Assessment of the reliability, validity and predictive value of approaches
to conceptualizing and measuring psychopathology in female populations.
o Identification of demographic variables and social, cultural, and
environmental factors related to gender differences in mental disorders (e.g.,
work and family roles, marriage, gender discrimination, response to psychosocial
stressors, propensity to use substances).
o Elucidation of childhood risk and protective factors related to the
emergence of gender disparities in incidence and course of mental disorders
(particularly mood, anxiety, and eating disorders).
The following lifespan developmental issues are of interest:
o The roles of hormonal, genetic, and social factors in the emergence of
sex/gender differences in susceptibility to mental disorders, mood, and
cognitive disruption during defined transitional periods including puberty,
pregnancy, the postpartum period, and perimenopause.
3) Intervention and Services Research - There are an increasing number of
findings indicating sex/gender differences in response to interventions as well
as in preferences for different kinds of services and interventions.
Additionally, women's social roles and reproductive status raise special issues
related to choices of treatments and services. Interventions are defined here
to include preventive, treatment, services-system and rehabilitative strategies
at the individual, provider, organizational and systems levels. There is a
need to incorporate consideration of such issues in the design and analysis of
outcomes in mental health research.
Examples of relevant research areas include studies of:
o Sex/gender differences in acute and maintenance treatment outcomes for mental
disorders and suicidal behaviors.
o Sex/gender differences in treatment adherence and side effects of treatments
and in treatment preferences, expectancies, provider behaviors, and services
use.
o Drug-drug interactions (e.g., supplements, replacement hormones, and
psychotropic and other medications) in females across the life span.
o Strategies for early detection of precursors to depression, anxiety, eating
disorders, suicidality, and other behavioral disorders in female children and
adolescents; the development of interventions targeting these manifestations;
and the development of effective mechanisms for successful referral and
adherence to treatment.
o Interventions aimed at improving outcomes in women and girls at risk for mental
disorders or diagnosed with mental disorders comorbid with other disorders (e.g.,
anxiety disorders in depression; substance abuse in women with bipolar disorder or
schizophrenia, depression, and medical illness).
o Preventive interventions for mental disorders with female-specific risk
factors (e.g., stressors in caregiver roles, etc.).
o Taxonomies of functional outcomes and disabilities in women and girls with
mental disorders and instruments to measure functional changes following
interventions.
o Screening and identification of women with mental disorders and of women who
are at high risk for the development of such disorders in general medical
settings and in non-traditional settings, with the development of effective
strategies for referral and treatment.
MECHANISM(S) OF SUPPORT
This PA uses the NIH Research Project Grant (R01), Exploratory/Developmental
Grant (R21), Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34), and Small Grant (R03) award
mechanisms. As an applicant, you will be solely responsible for planning,
directing, and executing the proposed project. The total project period for
an R01 application submitted in response to this PA may not exceed five years.
The Small Grant (R03) provides two years of funding with a maximum of $50,000
direct costs for each year. Instructions for the R03 application can be found
at (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-03-108.html). The
Exploratory/ Developmental Grant (R21) provides two years of funding with a
maximum of $275,000 direct costs for each year over the entire budget period;
with no one year exceeding $200,000. It is intended for development and pilot
testing of novel models and sensitive neurochemical measurements.
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-03-107.html.
The R34 mechanism provides up to $450,000 direct costs for three years with no
one year exceeding $225,000 for research on 1) the development and/or pilot
testing of new or adapted interventions, 2) pilot testing interventions with
demonstrated efficacy in broader scale effectiveness trials, or 3) innovative
services research directions that require preliminary testing or development.
Instructions for R21 applications can be found at
(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-03-107.html).
This PA uses just-in-time concepts. It also uses the modular as well as the non-
modular budgeting formats (see
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm). Specifically, if
you are submitting an application with direct costs in each year of $250,000 or
less, use the modular format. Otherwise follow the instructions for non-modular
research grant applications. This program does not require cost sharing as
defined in the current NIH Grants Policy Statement at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/nihgps_2001/part_i_1.htm.
ELIGIBLE INSTITUTIONS
You may submit (an) application(s) if your institution has any of the following
characteristics:
o For-profit or non-profit organizations
o Public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals,
and laboratories
o Units of State and local governments
o Eligible agencies of the Federal government
o Domestic or foreign
o Faith-based or community-based organizations
INDIVIDUALS ELIGIBLE TO BECOME PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS
Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out
the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to develop an
application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic
groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply
for NIH programs.
WHERE TO SEND INQUIRIES
We encourage your inquiries concerning this PA and welcome the opportunity to
answer questions from potential applicants. Inquiries may fall into two areas:
scientific/research and financial or grants management issues:
o Direct your questions about scientific/research issues to:
Mary C. Blehar, Ph.D.
Director, Women's Mental Health Program
National Institute of Mental Health
6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 8125, MSC 9659
Bethesda, MD 20892-9659
Telephone: (301) 443-2847
FAX: (301) 443-8552
Email: mblehar@mail.nih.gov
o Direct your questions about financial or grants management matters to:
Joy R. Knipple
Grants Management Branch
National Institute of Mental Health
6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 6115, MSC 9605
Bethesda, MD 20892-9605
Telephone: (301) 443-8811
FAX: (301) 443-6885
Email: jk173@nih.gov
SUBMITTING AN APPLICATION
Applications must be prepared using the PHS 398 research grant application
instructions and forms (rev. 5/2001). The PHS 398 is available at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html in an interactive
format. For further assistance contact GrantsInfo, Telephone (301) 710-0267,
Email: GrantsInfo@nih.gov.
APPLICATION RECEIPT DATES: Applications submitted in response to this program
announcement will be accepted at the standard application deadlines, which are
available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/dates.htm. Application deadlines are
also indicated in the PHS 398 application kit.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODULAR GRANT APPLICATIONS: Applications requesting
up to $250,000 per year in direct costs must be submitted in a modular grant
format. The modular grant format simplifies the preparation of the budget in
these applications by limiting the level of budgetary detail. Applicants
request direct costs in $25,000 modules. Section C of the research grant
application instructions for the PHS 398 (rev. 5/2001) at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html includes step-by-step
guidance for preparing modular grants. Additional information on modular
grants is available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLICATIONS REQUESTING $500,000 OR MORE PER YEAR:
Applications requesting $500,000 or more in direct costs for any year must
include a cover letter identifying the NIH staff member within one of NIH
institutes or centers who has agreed to accept assignment of the application.
Applicants requesting more than $500,000 must carry out the following steps:
1) Contact the IC program staff at least 6 weeks before submitting the
application, i.e., as you are developing plans for the study;
2) Obtain agreement from the IC staff that the IC will accept your application
for consideration for award; and,
3) Identify, in a cover letter sent with the application, the staff member and
IC who agreed to accept assignment of the application.
This policy applies to all investigator-initiated new (type 1), competing
continuation (type 2), competing supplement, or any amended or revised version
of these grant application types. Additional information on this policy is
available in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, October 19, 2001 at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-004.html.
SENDING AN APPLICATION TO THE NIH: Submit a signed, typewritten original of
the application, including the checklist, and five signed photocopies in one
package to:
Center for Scientific Review
National Institutes of Health
6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 1040, MSC 7710
Bethesda, MD 20892-7710
Bethesda, MD 20817 (for express/courier service)
APPLICATION PROCESSING: Applications must be mailed on or before the receipt
dates described at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm.
The CSR will not accept any application in response to this PA that is
essentially the same as one currently pending initial review unless the
applicant withdraws the pending application. The CSR will not accept any
application that is essentially the same as one already reviewed. This does
not preclude the submission of a substantial revision of an application already
reviewed, but such application must include an Introduction addressing the
previous critique.
Although there is no immediate acknowledgement of the receipt of an application,
applicants are generally notified of the review and funding assignment within 8
weeks.
PEER REVIEW PROCESS
Applications submitted for this PA will be assigned on the basis of established
PHS referral guidelines. An appropriate scientific review group convened in
accordance with the standard NIH peer review procedures
(http://www.csr.nih.gov/refrev.htm) will evaluate applications for scientific
and technical merit.
As part of the initial merit review, all applications will:
o Receive a written critique
o Undergo a selection process in which only those applications deemed to have
the highest scientific merit, generally the top half of applications under
review, will be discussed and assigned a priority score
o Receive a second level review by the appropriate national advisory council or
board.
REVIEW CRITERIA
The goals of NIH-supported research are to advance our understanding of
biological systems, improve the control of disease, and enhance health. In the
written comments, reviewers will be asked to discuss the following aspects of
the application in order to judge the likelihood that the proposed research
will have a substantial impact on the pursuit of these goals:
o Significance
o Approach
o Innovation
o Investigator
o Environment
The scientific review group will address and consider each of these criteria in
assigning the application's overall score, weighting them as appropriate for
each application. The application does not need to be strong in all categories
to be judged likely to have major scientific impact and thus deserve a high
priority score. For example, an investigator may propose to carry out important
work that by its nature is not innovative but is essential to move a field
forward.
SIGNIFICANCE: Does this study address an important problem? If the aims of the
application are achieved, how will scientific knowledge be advanced? What will
be the effect of these studies on the concepts or methods that drive this field?
APPROACH: Are the conceptual framework, design, methods, and analyses
adequately developed, well-integrated, and appropriate to the aims of the
project? Does the applicant acknowledge potential problem areas and consider
alternative tactics?
INNOVATION: Does the project employ novel concepts, approaches or methods? Are
the aims original and innovative? Does the project challenge existing paradigms
or develop new methodologies or technologies?
INVESTIGATOR: Is the investigator appropriately trained and well suited to
carry out this work? Is the work proposed appropriate to the experience level
of the principal investigator and other researchers (if any)?
ENVIRONMENT: Does the scientific environment in which the work will be done
contribute to the probability of success? Do the proposed experiments take
advantage of unique features of the scientific environment or employ useful
collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional support?
PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS FROM RESEARCH RISK: The involvement of human
subjects and protections from research risk relating to their participation in
the proposed research will be assessed. (See criteria included in the section
on Federal Citations, below).
INCLUSION OF WOMEN, MINORITIES AND CHILDREN IN RESEARCH: The adequacy of plans
to include subjects from both genders, all racial and ethnic groups (and
subgroups), and children as appropriate for the scientific goals of the research
will be assessed. Plans for the recruitment and retention of subjects will
also be evaluated. (See Inclusion Criteria in the sections on Federal Citations,
below).
CARE AND USE OF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS IN RESEARCH: If vertebrate animals are to be
used in the project, the five items described under Section f of the PHS 398
research grant application instructions (rev. 5/2001) will be assessed.
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
BUDGET: The reasonableness of the proposed budget and the requested period of
support in relation to the proposed research.
AWARD CRITERIA
Applications submitted in response to a PA will compete for available funds with
all other recommended applications. The following will be considered in making
funding decisions:
o Scientific merit of the proposed project as determined by peer review
o Availability of funds
o Relevance to program priorities
REQUIRED FEDERAL CITATIONS
HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION: Federal regulations (45CFR46) require that
applications and proposals involving human subjects must be evaluated with
reference to the risks to the subjects, the adequacy of protection against
these risks, the potential benefits of the research to the subjects and others,
and the importance of the knowledge gained or to be gained.
http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.htm
MONITORING PLAN AND DATA AND SAFETY MONITORING BOARD: Research components
involving Phase I and II clinical trials must include provisions for assessment
of patient eligibility and status, rigorous data management, quality assurance,
and auditing procedures. In addition, it is NIH policy that all clinical
trials require data and safety monitoring, with the method and degree of
monitoring being commensurate with the risks (NIH Policy for Data Safety and
Monitoring, NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, June 12, 1998:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98-084.html).
INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN CLINICAL RESEARCH: It is the policy of the
NIH that women and members of minority groups and their sub-populations must be
included in all NIH-supported clinical research projects unless a clear and
compelling justification is provided indicating that inclusion is inappropriate
with respect to the health of the subjects or the purpose of the research. This
policy results from the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Section 492B of Public
Law 103-43).
All investigators proposing clinical research should read the "NIH Guidelines
for Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research -
Amended, October, 2001," published in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts on
October 9, 2001 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02
-001.html); a complete copy of the updated Guidelines are available at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_amended_10_2001.htm.
The amended policy incorporates: the use of an NIH definition of clinical
research; updated racial and ethnic categories in compliance with the new OMB
standards; clarification of language governing NIH-defined Phase III clinical
trials consistent with the new PHS Form 398; and updated roles and
responsibilities of NIH staff and the extramural community. The policy
continues to require for all NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials that:
a) all applications or proposals and/or protocols must provide a description of
plans to conduct analyses, as appropriate, to address differences by sex/gender
and/or racial/ethnic groups, including subgroups if applicable; and
b) investigators must report annual accrual and progress in conducting analyses,
as appropriate, by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic group differences.
INCLUSION OF CHILDREN AS PARTICIPANTS IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS:
The NIH maintains a policy that children (i.e., individuals under the age of
21) must be included in all human subjects research, conducted or supported by
the NIH, unless there are scientific and ethical reasons not to include them.
This policy applies to all initial (Type 1) applications submitted for receipt
dates after October 1, 1998.
All investigators proposing research involving human subjects should read the
"NIH Policy and Guidelines" on the inclusion of children as participants in
research involving human subjects that is available at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/children/children.htm.
REQUIRED EDUCATION ON THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECT PARTICIPANTS: NIH policy
requires education on the protection of human subject participants for all
investigators submitting NIH proposals for research involving human subjects.
You will find this policy announcement in the NIH Guide for Grants and
Contracts Announcement, dated June 5, 2000, at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-00-039.html.
PUBLIC ACCESS TO RESEARCH DATA THROUGH THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT: The
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-110 has been revised to provide
public access to research data through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
under some circumstances. Data that are (1) first produced in a project that
is supported in whole or in part with Federal funds and (2) cited publicly and
officially by a Federal agency in support of an action that has the force and
effect of law (i.e., a regulation) may be accessed through FOIA. It is
important for applicants to understand the basic scope of this amendment.
NIH has provided guidance at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/a110/a110_guidance_dec1999.htm.
Applicants may wish to place data collected under this PA in a public archive,
which can provide protections for the data and manage the distribution for an
indefinite period of time. If so, the application should include a description
of the archiving plan in the study design and include information about this in
the budget justification section of the application. In addition, applicants
should think about how to structure informed consent statements and other human
subjects procedures given the potential for wider use of data collected under
this award.
STANDARDS FOR PRIVACY OF INDIVIDUALLY IDENTIFIABLE HEALTH INFORMATION: The
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) issued final modification to
the "Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information",
the "Privacy Rule," on August 14, 2002. The Privacy Rule is a federal
regulation under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA) of 1996 that governs the protection of individually identifiable
health information, and is administered and enforced by the DHHS Office for
Civil Rights (OCR). Those who must comply with the Privacy Rule (classified
under the Rule as "covered entities") must do so by April 14, 2003 (with the
exception of small health plans which have an extra year to comply).
Decisions about applicability and implementation of the Privacy Rule reside
with the researcher and his/her institution. The OCR website
(http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/) provides information on the Privacy Rule, including
a complete Regulation Text and a set of decision tools on "Am I a covered
entity?" Information on the impact of the HIPAA Privacy Rule on NIH
processes involving the review, funding, and progress monitoring of grants,
cooperative agreements, and research contracts can be found at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-03-025.html.
URLs IN NIH GRANT APPLICATIONS OR APPENDICES: All applications and proposals
for NIH funding must be self-contained within specified page limitations.
Unless otherwise specified in an NIH solicitation, Internet addresses (URLs)
should not be used to provide information necessary to the review because
reviewers are under no obligation to view the Internet sites. Furthermore, we
caution reviewers that their anonymity may be compromised when they directly
access an Internet site.
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2010: The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving
the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2010,"
a PHS-led national activity for setting priority areas. This PA is related to
one or more of the priority areas. Potential applicants may obtain a copy of
"Healthy People 2010" at http://www.health.gov/healthypeople.
AUTHORITY AND REGULATIONS: This program is described in the Catalog of Federal
Domestic Assistance at http://www.cfda.gov/ and is not subject to the
intergovernmental review requirements of Executive Order 12372 or Health Systems
Agency review. Awards are made under the authorization of Sections 301 and 405
of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284)and administered
under NIH grants policies described at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/policy.htm and under Federal Regulations
42 CFR 52 and 45 CFR Parts 74 and 92. All awards are subject to the terms and
conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH
Grants Policy Statement. The NIH Grants Policy Statement can be found at
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/policy.htm.
The PHS strongly encourages all grant recipients to provide a smoke-free
workplace and discourage the use of all tobacco products. In addition, Public
Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits smoking in certain
facilities (or in some cases, any portion of a facility) in which regular or
routine education, library, day care, health care, or early childhood
development services are provided to children. This is consistent with the PHS
mission to protect and advance the physical and mental health of the American
people.
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