and Human Services (HHS)
EXPIRED
NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE RELEASE DATE: December 12, 2002 PA NUMBER: PAR-03-045 Update: The following update relating to this announcement has been issued: - December 27, 2006 - This PAR has been reissued as PAR-07-270 for submission of R01 applications, and PAR-07-271 for R21, which now uses the electronic SF424 (R&R) application for February 5, 2007 submission dates and beyond. -July 12, 2006 - This PA has been reissued as PAR-06-475 for submission of R21 applications as of July 10, 2006. EXPIRATION DATE: This Program Announcement expires on August 19, 2006, unless reissued. APPLICATION RECEIPT DATE: February 18 and August 18 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) (http://www.nidr.nih.gov/) National Cancer Institute (NCI) (http://www.nci.nih.gov/) National Eye Institute (NEI) (http://www.nei.nih.gov/) National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (http://www.genome.gov/) National Institute on Aging (NIA) (http://www.nia.nih.gov/) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) (http://www.nibib1.nih.gov/) National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) (http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (http://www.niddk.nih.gov/) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/) National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) (http://www.nigms.nih.gov/) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (http://www.ninds.nih.gov/) THIS PA CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION o Purpose of the PA o Research Objectives o Mechanism(s) of Support o Eligible Institutions o Individuals Eligible to Become Principal Investigators o Where to Send Inquiries o Submitting an Application o Peer Review Process o Review Criteria o Award Criteria o Required Federal Citations PURPOSE OF THIS PA This Program Announcement (PA), issued as an initiative of the trans- NIH Bioengineering Consortium (BECON), is aimed at enhancing nanoscience and nanotechnology research approaches that have the potential to make valuable contributions to biology and medicine. Nanoscience and nanotechnology refer to research at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, at the length scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometers. The purpose of this initiative is to stimulate cross-cutting, integrative research in these fields of science and technology. In particular, this initiative invites research on: i) the creation and use of structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small size, that may be used to achieve a fundamental understanding of biological processes and /or contribute to disease detection, therapy, or prevention; ii) conception and fabrication of devices, that will effectively detect and analyze nanoscale entities of relevance to biomedicine; and iii) the study of biological systems at the nanoscale for the explicit purpose of using that information to develop nanotechnologies and nanostructured materials that will in turn benefit biology and medicine. It is anticipated that the research projects that will be most responsive to this PA will require interdisciplinary collaborations among investigators with expertise in a range of disciplines, including but not limited to engineering, physics, chemistry, cellular and molecular biology, materials and computer science. Applications submitted in response to this PA may propose hypothesis-driven, discovery-driven, developmental, or design-directed research. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Background A revolution has begun in science, engineering and technology, based on the ability to characterize, manipulate and organize matter systematically at the nanometer scale. Nanotechnology is beginning to provide the ability to work at this level -- to control nanoscale structures, using them as building blocks to construct larger material components, systems and architectures to form supramolecular structures with fundamentally new molecular organization. Within these larger scale assemblies, the control and construction of substructures and components remains at the nanometer scale. Nanotechnology offers opportunities for the creation and utilization of materials, devices and systems by building from the level of atoms and molecules. The key resultant opportunity is the exploitation of novel and improved properties that emerge at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology is expected to play an important role in scientific disciplines such as physics, material science, biology, medicine, engineering and computer simulation. Based on measurements on phenomena and processes at the nanoscale, new experimental, theoretical and simulation tools have been developed. These advances provide fresh opportunities for scientific and technological developments in nanostructured materials, nanodevices and systems that can benefit biology and medicine. To date, by merging biological and synthetic materials, scientists have been able to make hybrid structures, such as a nanoscale motor, by attaching a metal rod to an ATPase protein complex; assemble nanostructured fibrous scaffolds reminiscent of extracellular matrix that can be used to mimic properties of bone; and construct nanotubes based on self-assembly of unique cyclic peptides for novel antibiotics. Nanostructures such as those based on functional polymers and dendrimers, or semiconductor nanocrystals, are already having a significant impact on nanotechnology research. Dendritic polymers provide access to well controlled functional building blocks that may be used for a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from unimolecular devices or nanoreactors to complex sensors and targeted drug delivery. Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), about 2 to 7 nm in diameter, provide highly sensitive probes that can be used to explore biomolecules, organelles, cells, and tissues at the nanoscale. Nature's nanomachines, such as motors, pumps, and valves, have inspired the design and development of engineered devices. These nanomachines catalyze chemical reactions, transduce information, and transport material within and out of the cell. Recently, the first steps have been taken to employ these machines in capacities outside of their natural environment; they have been implemented in systems constructed to improve our understanding of basic biology and physiology. Importantly, these nanomachines may also be useful in driving other nanodevices for purposes such as directed delivery of drugs or other agents. During the last few years, scientists have developed the technology for rapidly mapping the genetic and functional information in DNA molecules and their products, including the detection of mutations and measurement of expression levels. However, with the completion of the human genome, as well as other mammalian and bacteria genomes, new types of arrays and methodologies will be required to interpret and use the genomic information efficiently and inexpensively. Work on new types of chemical arrays should expand to parallel processing of biological information, and to analysis of proteins and other biomolecules. Nanotechnology has the potential to replace tedious, insensitive, and expensive analytical processes. New research aimed at the development of new analytical tools that can probe and manipulate single molecules at the nanometer scale is emerging. For example, scientists are working to develop a nanopore-based DNA sequencing device, in which the active components are the size of a DNA molecule. These devices can already distinguish between DNA molecules that differ from each other by a single base pair, based on the electrical signals produced as the DNA interacts with a pore inserted into a membrane. A similar concept may be useful for the analysis of other biological molecules. Physical tools for measurement and manipulation of individual molecules have also been developed. Laser-based optical traps allow the capture and measurement of forces on individual biomolecules as they interact with their substrates or binding partners. Atomic force microscopes permit the measurement of molecular forces as well as imaging of the surface topology of individual molecules in the range of 1-10nm, thus producing new insight into protein structure and function. The application of specialized spectroscopic techniques, such as Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) allow distances to be measured at the nanometer scale, thereby enabling inter- and intramolecular structural changes and interactions to be tracked on individual molecules. The utilization of such tools make accessible for the first time not only novel measurements, but also the capacity to derive information from individual molecules rather than ensemble averages. Novel studies of biological variability at the molecular level and of time-dependent phenomena in asynchronous populations of molecules are thus coming within reach. Realizing the enormous promise of nanotechnology in the different areas of biomedical research the BECON/NIH convened a symposium on "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: Shaping Biomedical Research" on June 25-26, 2000 in Bethesda. The goals and objectives of the Symposium were to: o Develop a better understanding of nanotechnology as it pertains to biological and medical applications; o Communicate recent developments and identify challenges and opportunities; o Develop strategies for integrating nanoscience and nanotechnology with medical research and treatment; o Discuss the vision and future of this interdisciplinary area; o Ensure that NIH can facilitate nanoscience and nanotechnology research that will benefit biomedical science; and o Make recommendations to NIH on areas of future investment. These goals and objectives were primarily addressed and accomplished through breakout panel discussions, which were in turn stimulated by visionary and thought-provoking plenary presentations. In part this PA is based on the recommendations made by the participants in that symposium. Scope The intent of this PA is to stimulate nanoscience and nanotechnology research that will contribute to future advancements in biology and medicine. Examples of general research topics that would be considered responsive to this PA are listed below. This is not meant to be an exhaustive, exclusive or delimiting set of topics, rather these merely represent illustrations of projects that would be considered relevant to this PA: o development of spectroscopic tools (e.g., scanning probe methods, quantum dot probes, NSOM, force spectroscopy) and computational methods for nanoscale research on cellular processes for structure analysis and for the extraction of quantitative information from biological nanoscale materials and machines; o research on fundamental principles for nanosystem design, integration and application to develop tools to measure and image biological processes in health and disease; o design of artificial nanostructures that could be used within the cell as replacements for defective naturally-occurring nanostructures or to serve other therapeutic purposes not found in normal cells; o studies on the integration of active biological molecules such as molecular motors and membrane pumps with engineered systems to create "living" machines for use in the study of biology, disease diagnosis, or therapy; o development of new methods for high-throughput cell or molecular sorting or sensing using nanotechnology-based particles or tools; o development of novel synthetic methods for generation of functional biomimetic nanostructures characterized by precisely defined architectures for use in the study of biology, disease diagnosis, or therapy; o design of nano-sensors suitable for transducing chemical information from molecular regions within and surrounding individual cells, including monitoring in situ biochemical processes and therapeutic action of pharmaceutical agents within single cells, as well as monitoring a cell's environment and its response to that environment; o development of nanopatterned substrates on programmable surfaces for the capture, maintenance, and expansion of therapeutically useful cells, and to improve understanding of the role of mechanical forces in cell signaling processes; o development of nanoparticles that enable controlled release of therapeutic agents, antibodies, genes and vaccines into targeted cells; o development of nano-technologies to achieve functional replacement of tissue architectures; o use of nanoscience and nanotechnology approaches for controlling interfaces between prosthetic and extracorporeal devices and tissues. Applicants are strongly advised to contact IC scientific program staff to discuss the relevance of their proposed work to the institute's mission before preparing a detailed research application. NIH institute contacts and specific focus areas are available at: http://www.becon.nih.gov/nano_contacts.htm. MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT This PA will use the NIH R01 (investigator-initiated research project grant) and the R21 (exploratory/developmental research grant) award mechanisms. As an applicant, you will be solely responsible for planning, directing, and executing the proposed project. This PA uses just-in-time concepts. It also uses the modular as well as the non-modular budgeting formats (see http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm). Specifically, if you are submitting an application with direct costs in each year of $250,000 or less, use the modular format. Otherwise follow the instructions for non-modular research grant applications. The R01 mechanism is recommended for applications that propose basic and applied nanoscience and nanotechnology research and for which preliminary data exists. The R21 mechanism is appropriate for proposals that have little preliminary data and have the potential for truly groundbreaking impact. Investigators with expertise in fields other than biology and medicine who wish to explore nanoscience and nanotechnology approaches to address biological or medical research questions are encouraged to apply. An R21 applicant may request a project period of up to 3 years and a budget for direct costs of up to $125,000 per year. An R21 application should not exceed 15 pages for the Research Plan. Applicants are encouraged to contact program staff for information about choosing the appropriate grant mechanism. ELIGIBLE INSTITUTIONS You may submit (an) application(s) if your institution has any of the following characteristics: o For-profit or non-profit organizations o Public or private institutions, such as universities, colleges, hospitals, and laboratories o Units of State and local governments o Eligible agencies of the Federal government o Domestic or foreign INDIVIDUALS ELIGIBLE TO BECOME PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research is invited to work with their institution to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH programs. WHERE TO SEND INQUIRIES We encourage your inquiries concerning this PA and welcome the opportunity to answer questions from potential applicants. Inquiries may fall into three areas: scientific/research, peer review, and financial or grants management issues. NIH BECON scientific and financial contacts listed at the following Web site should be contacted for answers to questions about scientific or financial issues: http://www.becon.nih.gov/nano_contacts.htm. Inquiries regarding general programmatic issues should be directed to: Eleni Kousvelari, DDS, D.Sc., National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Building 45 Room 4AN-18A Bethesda, MD 20892 Telephone: (301) 594-2427 FAX: (301) 480-8318 Email: [email protected] Jeff Schloss, Ph. D. National Human Genome Research Institute 31Center Drive, Room B2B07 Bethesda, MD Telephone: (301) 435-5538 FAX: (301) 480-2770 Email: [email protected] Inquiries concerning review issues should be directed to: Jean D. Sipe, Ph.D. Scientific Review Administrator NIH - Center for Scientific Review Rockledge II, Room 4106, Mail Stop 7814 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7814 (US Mail), 20817 (courier services such as FedEx, UPS) Telephone: (301) 435-1743 FAX: (301) 480-2644 Email: [email protected] SUBMITTING AN APPLICATION Applications must be prepared using the PHS 398 research grant application instructions and forms (rev. 5/2001). The PHS 398 is available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html in an interactive format. For further assistance contact GrantsInfo, Telephone (301) 710-0267, Email: [email protected]. APPLICATION RECEIPT DATES: Applications submitted in response to this program announcement will be accepted twice a year on February 18 and August 18. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODULAR GRANT APPLICATIONS: (include if appropriate) Applications requesting up to $250,000 per year in direct costs must be submitted in a modular grant format. The modular grant format simplifies the preparation of the budget in these applications by limiting the level of budgetary detail. Applicants request direct costs in $25,000 modules. Section C of the research grant application instructions for the PHS 398 (rev. 5/2001) at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html includes step- by-step guidance for preparing modular grants. Additional information on modular grants is available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLICATIONS REQUESTING $500,000 OR MORE PER YEAR: Applications requesting $500,000 or more in direct costs for any year must include a cover letter identifying the NIH staff member within one of NIH institutes or centers who has agreed to accept assignment of the application. A list of scientific program contacts for participating IC's is available on the Internet at http://www.becon.nih.gov/nano_contacts.htm. Applicants requesting more than $500,000 must carry out the following steps: 1) Contact the IC program staff at least 6 weeks before the submittal deadline (February 18 and August 18), i.e., as you are developing plans for the study; 2) Obtain agreement from the IC staff that the IC will accept your application for consideration for award; and, 3) Identify, in a cover letter sent with the application, the staff member and IC who agreed to accept assignment of the application. This policy applies to all investigator-initiated new (type 1), competing continuation (type 2), competing supplement, or any amended or revised version of these grant application types. Additional information on this policy is available in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, October 19, 2001 at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-004.html. SENDING AN APPLICATION TO THE NIH: Submit a signed, typewritten original of the application, including the checklist, and five signed photocopies in one package to: Center for Scientific Review National Institutes of Health 6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 1040, MSC 7710 Bethesda, MD 20892-7710 Bethesda, MD 20817 (for express/courier service) APPLICATION PROCESSING: Applications must be received by the receipt date listed on the first page. The CSR will not accept any application in response to this PA that is essentially the same as one currently pending initial review unless the applicant withdraws the pending application. The CSR will not accept any application that is essentially the same as one already reviewed. This does not preclude the submission of a substantial revision of an application already reviewed, but such application must include an Introduction addressing the previous critique. PEER REVIEW PROCESS Upon receipt, applications will be reviewed for completeness by CSR staff. Applications that are complete will be evaluated for scientific and technical merit by an appropriate peer review group convened in accordance with standard NIH peer review procedures. (http://www.csr.nih.gov/refrev.htm) As part of the initial merit review, all applications will: o Receive a written critique o Undergo a selection process in which only those applications deemed to have the highest scientific merit, generally the top half of applications under review, will be discussed and assigned a priority score o Receive a second level review by the appropriate national advisory council or board. REVIEW CRITERIA The goals of NIH-supported research are to advance our understanding of biological systems, improve the control of disease, and enhance health. In the written comments, reviewers will be asked to discuss the following aspects of your application in order to judge the likelihood that the proposed research will have a substantial impact on the pursuit of these goals: o Significance o Approach o Innovation o Investigator o Environment The scientific review group will address and consider each of these criteria in assigning your application's overall score, weighting them as appropriate for each application. Your application does not need to be strong in all categories to be judged likely to have major scientific impact and thus deserve a high priority score. For example, you may propose to carry out important work that by its nature is not innovative but is essential to move a field forward. Application submitted in response to this PA may propose hypothesis-driven, discovery-driven, developmental, or design-directed research. (1) SIGNIFICANCE: Does your study address an important problem? If the aims of your application are achieved, how do they advance scientific knowledge? What will be the effect of these studies on the concepts or methods that drive this field? (2) APPROACH: Are the conceptual framework, design, methods, and analyses adequately developed, well integrated, and appropriate to the aims of the project? Do you acknowledge potential problem areas and consider alternative tactics? (3) INNOVATION: Does your project employ novel concepts, approaches or methods? Are the aims original and innovative? Does your project challenge existing paradigms or develop new methodologies or technologies? (4) INVESTIGATOR: Are you appropriately trained and well suited to carry out this work? Is the work proposed appropriate to your experience level as the principal investigator and to that of other researchers (if any)? (5) ENVIRONMENT: Does the scientific environment in which your work will be done contribute to the probability of success? Do the proposed experiments take advantage of unique features of the scientific environment or employ useful collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional support? ADDITIONAL REVIEW CRITERIA: In addition to the above criteria, your application will also be reviewed with respect to the following: PROTECTIONS: The adequacy of the proposed protection for humans, animals, or the environment, to the extent they may be adversely affected by the project proposed in the application. INCLUSION: The adequacy of plans to include subjects from both genders, all racial and ethnic groups (and subgroups), and children as appropriate for the scientific goals of the research. Plans for the recruitment and retention of subjects will also be evaluated. (See Inclusion Criteria included in the section on Federal Citations, below) BUDGET: The reasonableness of the proposed budget and the requested period of support in relation to the proposed research. OTHER REVIEW CRITERIA: R01 and R21 applications: Are engineering, scientific and clinical strategies and methods adequately developed, integrated and appropriate to the specific aims? Are the research milestones and timetable adequate? Is assessment of technological progress adequate with respect to specifications and evaluation procedures? Is the plan for dissemination (commercialization, publication, etc.) of results adequate? Will the proposed approaches or concepts solve current scientific or technical problems in novel ways? R01 applications only: Does the project address a basic or applied nanoscience and/or nanotechnology issue? Does the research team include investigators with the required expertise in physical and biomedical sciences and engineering? How will the proposed research benefit biology and medicine? R21 applications only: Does this project have the potential for groundbreaking impact? If successful, will this project achieve at least one of the following goals: 1) generate pilot data to effectively assess the feasibility of a novel avenue of investigation; 2) involve high risk nanoscience and nanotechnology experiments that could lead to a breakthrough in biology and medicine; or 3) demonstrate the feasibility of new nanotechnologies that could have major impact in a specific area of biology and/or medicine? AWARD CRITERIA Applications submitted in response to a PA will compete for available funds with all other recommended applications. The following will be considered in making funding decisions: o Scientific merit of the proposed project as determined by peer review o Availability of funds o Relevance to program priorities REQUIRED FEDERAL CITATIONS MONITORING PLAN AND DATA SAFETY AND MONITORING BOARD: Research components involving Phase I and II clinical trials must include provisions for assessment of patient eligibility and status, rigorous data management, quality assurance, and auditing procedures. In addition, it is NIH policy that all clinical trials require data and safety monitoring, with the method and degree of monitoring being commensurate with the risks (NIH Policy for Data Safety and Monitoring, NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, June 12, 1998: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98-084.html). INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN CLINICAL RESEARCH: It is the policy of the NIH that women and members of minority groups and their sub-populations must be included in all NIH-supported clinical research projects unless a clear and compelling justification is provided indicating that inclusion is inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects or the purpose of the research. This policy results from the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Section 492B of Public Law 103-43). All investigators proposing clinical research should read the AMENDMENT "NIH Guidelines for Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research - Amended, October, 2001," published in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts on October 9, 2001 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-001.html); a complete copy of the updated Guidelines are available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_amended_10_2001.htm. The amended policy incorporates: the use of an NIH definition of clinical research; updated racial and ethnic categories in compliance with the new OMB standards; clarification of language governing NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials consistent with the new PHS Form 398; and updated roles and responsibilities of NIH staff and the extramural community. The policy continues to require for all NIH- defined Phase III clinical trials that: a) all applications or proposals and/or protocols must provide a description of plans to conduct analyses, as appropriate, to address differences by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic groups, including subgroups if applicable; and b) investigators must report annual accrual and progress in conducting analyses, as appropriate, by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic group differences. INCLUSION OF CHILDREN AS PARTICIPANTS IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS: The NIH maintains a policy that children (i.e., individuals under the age of 21) must be included in all human subjects research, conducted or supported by the NIH, unless there are scientific and ethical reasons not to include them. This policy applies to all initial (Type 1) applications submitted for receipt dates after October 1, 1998. All investigators proposing research involving human subjects should read the "NIH Policy and Guidelines" on the inclusion of children as participants in research involving human subjects that is available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/children/children.htm. REQUIRED EDUCATION ON THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECT PARTICIPANTS: NIH policy requires education on the protection of human subject participants for all investigators submitting NIH proposals for research involving human subjects. You will find this policy announcement in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts Announcement, dated June 5, 2000, at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-00-039.html. HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS (hESC): Criteria for federal funding of research on hESCs can be found at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/stem_cells.htm and at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-005.html. Only research using hESC lines that are registered in the NIH Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry will be eligible for Federal funding (see http://escr.nih.gov). It is the responsibility of the applicant to provide the official NIH identifier(s) for the hESC line(s)to be used in the proposed research. Applications that do not provide this information will be returned without review. PUBLIC ACCESS TO RESEARCH DATA THROUGH THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT: The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-110 has been revised to provide public access to research data through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) under some circumstances. Data that are (1) first produced in a project that is supported in whole or in part with Federal funds and (2) cited publicly and officially by a Federal agency in support of an action that has the force and effect of law (i.e., a regulation) may be accessed through FOIA. It is important for applicants to understand the basic scope of this amendment. NIH has provided guidance at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/a110/a110_guidance_dec1999.htm. Applicants may wish to place data collected under this PA in a public archive, which can provide protections for the data and manage the distribution for an indefinite period of time. If so, the application should include a description of the archiving plan in the study design and include information about this in the budget justification section of the application. In addition, applicants should think about how to structure informed consent statements and other human subjects procedures given the potential for wider use of data collected under this award. URLs IN NIH GRANT APPLICATIONS OR APPENDICES: All applications and proposals for NIH funding must be self-contained within specified page limitations. Unless otherwise specified in an NIH solicitation, Internet addresses (URLs) should not be used to provide information necessary to the review because reviewers are under no obligation to view the Internet sites. Furthermore, we caution reviewers that their anonymity may be compromised when they directly access an Internet site. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2010: The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2010," a PHS-led national activity for setting priority areas. This PA is related to one or more of the priority areas. Potential applicants may obtain a copy of "Healthy People 2010" at http://www.health.gov/healthypeople. AUTHORITY AND REGULATIONS: This program is described in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Nos. No., 93.821, 93.847, 93.848, 93.849, 93.286, 93.287, 93.173, 93.121, 93.394, 93.866, 93.113, 93.114, 93.853, 93.867). Awards are made under authorization of Sections 301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284) and administered under NIH grants policies described at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/policy.htm and Federal Regulations 42 CFR 52 and 45 CFR Parts 74 and 92. This program is not subject to the intergovernmental review requirements of Executive Order 12372 or Health Systems Agency review. The PHS strongly encourages all grant recipients to provide a smoke- free workplace and discourage the use of all tobacco products. In addition, Public Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits smoking in certain facilities (or in some cases, any portion of a facility) in which regular or routine education, library, day care, health care, or early childhood development services are provided to children. This is consistent with the PHS mission to protect and advance the physical and mental health of the American people.
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